Standardised inventories of lepidopterans and odonates from Serra da Estrela Natural Park (Portugal) - setting the scene for mountain biodiversity monitoring

Mountain insect biodiversity is unique, but menaced by different drivers, particularly climate and land-use changes. In mainland Portugal, the highest mountain - Serra da Estrela one of most important hotspots, being classified as Natural Park since 1976. Many lepidopteran odonate species, including rare protected are known to occur in Estrela, basic knowledge on their abundance, distribution ecology still lacking. Standardised sampling these communities crucial provide valuable biological information support short-term decision-making for conservation management, setting simultaneously standards monitoring aiming tackle effects environmental change long-term. This study reports novel species diversity, abundance from (Portugal). Seventy-two 26 were sampled this area, first findings Apatura ilia (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775), Macromia splendens (Pictet, 1843) Vanessa virginiensis (Drury, 1773). New populations Euphydrias aurinia (Rottemburg, 1775) Oxygastra curtisii (Dale, 1834), under Habitats Directive, found ecological data collected several subspecies [e.g. Aeshna juncea (Linnaeus, 1758), Coenonympha glycerion iphioides Staudinger, 1870, Cyaniris semiargus Sympetrum flaveolum 1758)]. All using standardised allowing its use a baseline Estrela.